TENSES DEFINITION - SIMPLE PRESENT, PAST & FUTURE CLEAR CONCEPT

General English

^{SIMPLE PRESENT}

 

 

^{PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Do / Does}

^{ü   o;dfsfdePsf] t x'G5 t/ lgZlrtx'b}g . slxn] slt a]nfeof] eg]/ lgZlrtx'b}g .}

 

^{Present Tense: What you are currently doing.}

^{ex; I eat, I am eating.}

^{The action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about it completeness.}

 

   ^{1.    Affirmative :Sub + MV1 + s / es + Object.}

^{v  If Third Person Singular then MV1 + s / es.}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltldn] p;nfO{ lrG5f} .}

^{You know her.}

^{@= d White board df n]V5' .}

^{I write on white board.}

^{#= s'gfnd ;uF a:5 .}

^{kunal lives with me. ( Kunal is a third person so we use 's' in MV1  (lives)}

^{2.     Negative ( gsf/fTdsjfSo_ ; Sub + Do / Does + Not + MV1 + Object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d em'6f] af]Nlbg .}

^{I do not speak tell a lie.}

^{@= ltldn] bjfO{lnPsf] 5}gpm .}

^{You do not take medicine.}

^{#= p;n] sf]l;; g} ub}g .}

^{She doesn't try.}

^{3.     interrogative; Do / Does + Sub + mv1 + Object?}

^{( Answer Only Yes or No )}

^{For example ;}

^{!= s] ltld v]N5f} <}

^{Do you play?}

^{@= s] ltldToxfF a:5f} <}

^{Do you stay there?}

^{#= s] To;n] ltldnfO{ k9fp 5 <}

^{Does he teach you?}

^{4.     Double Interrogative ;Wh family + Do / Does + Sub + mv1 + Object?}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltldlsg ?G5]pm <}

^{Why do you cry?}

^{@= To;n] s] eG5 <}

^{What does he say?}

^{#= xfldsxfF hfG5f} <}

^{Where do you go?}

^{PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Is / am / are}

^{In present continuous, the action is on-going /still going on and hence continuous.}

^{For example;}

^{v  I am playing.}

^{v  He is not promising me.}

^{v  Are you going to mad?}

^{v  Are you talking to me?}

^{v  Why is not she talking to me?}

^{v  I am writing a notes.}

^{-          tTsfneO{/x]ssf] sfd _}

 

^{ü   o;dfsfdrln/x]sf] 5 . jt{dfgsfndfs'g} sfdeO{ /x]sf] 5eg]/ eGg' k/]df of] sfnsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .}

^{1.     affirmative; Sub + is/ am /are + mv1 +ing + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d cfO{/x]sf] 5' .}

^{I am coming.}

^{@= p kl/Iffsf] tof/L ul//x]sL 5] .}

^{She is preparing for exam.}

^{#= ltldxfd|f] af/]df ;f]lr/x]sf 5f} .}

^{You are thinking about us}

^{2.     Negative ;Sub + is/am/are + not + mv1 + ing + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltd|f] efO{n] ltldnfO{ af]nfO{ /x]sf] 5}g\ .}

^{Your brother is not calling you.}

^{@= d ltld;FucfO{/x]sf] 5}g .}

^{I am not coming with you.}

^{#= p;n] dnfO{ a'‰g] sf]l;; ul//x]sf] 5}g\ .}

^{He is not trying to understand me.}

^{1.     interrogative; is / am/ are + Sub + mv1 +ing +Object?}

^{For example;}

^{!= s] ltldn] d ;Fu s'/f ul//x]ls 5f} <}

^{Are you talking to me?}

^{@= s] pgLcfˆgf] 3/ uO{/x]ls l5g\ <}

^{Is she going to her home?}

^{#= s] ltldn] cfˆgf] hGdlbgdgfO{/x]sf] 5f} <}

^{Are you celebrating your birthday?}

^{1.     Double Interrogative ;Wh family + is/ am/ are + Sub + mv1 + ing +Object?}

^{For example;}

^{!= ltldcfh /fltsxfFuO{/x]s]f 5f} <}

^{Where are you going tonight?}

^{@= pgLd ;Fulsg s'/f ul//x]sf] 5}lgg\<}

^{Why is not she talking to me?}

^{#= ltldn] s'gkmf]gk|of]u ul//x]sf] 5f} <}

^{Which phone are you using?}

^{PRESENT PREFECT TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Has / Have + V3}

^{In present prefect, the action is incomplete or has ended and hence termed prefect.}

^{ü   I have eaten.}

^{ü   I have slept.}

^{ü   I have played.}

^{v  sfdul/;s]sf], of] sfndfsfd ;ls;s]sf] x'gfn] V3 k|of]u ul/G5 .}

 

^{ü   e/{v/ sfd k'/f eO{;s]sf] eg]/ hgfpg' k/]df of] sfnsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .}

^{1.     Affirmative; Sub + Has/ have + mv3 + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d}n] vfgfvfO{;s] .}

^{I have eaten meal.}

^{@= xfldp ;Fu e]l6 ;s]sf 5f} .}

^{We have met her.}

^{#= pgLltld;uF e]l6 ;Sof 5g\ .}

^{He has met you.}

^{2.     Negative ;Sub + has/have + not + mv3 + object.}

^{For example;}

^{!= d}n] tfhdxn b]v]sf] 5}g .}

^{I have not seen TajMahal.}

^{@= pgLcem} 3/ k'Uof 5}gg\ .}

^{She has not reached home.}

^{3.     Interrogative; has/have + Sub + mv3  +Object?}

^{For example;}

^{s] ltldn] Dofrlhlt ;s]pm <}

^{Have you won the match?}

^{s] ltldn] sfdul/;s]p <}

^{Have you done work?}

^{4.     Double Interrogative ;Wh family + has/have+ Sub + mv3 + Object?}

^{For example;}

^{ltldn] slxn] Dofrlhlt;s]pm <}

^{When have you won the match?}

^{ltldn] s;/L sfdul/ ;s]pm <}

^{How have you done work?}

^{PRESENT PREFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE}

^{'Helping Verb'}

^{Has been/ Have been}

^{In present prefect continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still on going.}

^{ü   I have been eating.}

^{ü   I have been sleeping.}

^{ü   I have been playing.}

^{v  - agfO{ g} /x]s]f 5, ul/g} /x]s]f 5 _ - klxn] b]lv ul//fv]sf] clxn] klgul//f5 _}

 

^{Note :o;dfs'g ;dodfsfdeO{/x]sf] 5eg]/ ;do tf]s]sf] x'G5 . h:t} …d laxfgb]lv km'6an v]ln/x]sf] 5' . – slxn] b]lveg]/ k|Zgubf{ laxfgb]lv ;do tf]lsPsf] 5 .}

^{ü   jt{dfgsfndfsfdeO{ klg ;Sof 5  / eO{ /x]sf] klg 5 .}

^{1.     Affirmative; Sub + Has/ have + Been + mv1 +ing  + object + since or for + time.}

^{For example;}

^{dljxfg b]lv tkfO{nfOklv{/x]sf] 5' .}

^{I have been waiting you since morning.}

^{pgL @ lbg b]lvsf]l;; u/]sL l5g\ .}

^{She has been trying for 2 days.}

^{ltld1980 b]lv sf7df8f}df a;]s]f 5f} .}

^{You have been living Kathmandu for 1980.}

^{1.     Negative; Sub + Has/ have + not + Been + mv1 +ing  + object + since or for + time.}

^{For example;}

^{tkfO{sf] 5f]/f @ lbgb]lv :s'ncfO{/x]sf] 5}g\ .}

^{Your son has not been coming to school for 2 days.}

^{l/df ;fFem b]lv cfˆgf] n]zgofbul//x]ls l5g\ .}

^{Rima has not been learning her lessons since evening.}

^{1.     Interrogative; has/have + been + Sub + mv1 + ing + Object+ since or for + time?}

^{For example;}

^{s] ltld !)jif{oxfFsfdul//x]sf] 5f} <}

^{Have you been working here for 10 years?}

^{1.     Double Interrogative; WhFamily +has/have + been + Sub + mv1 + ing + Object+ since or for + time?}

^{For example;}

^{Where have you been going since morning?}

 

Preposition - English Grammar - Examples & Deep and details description.

Prepositions

A preposition links nouns, pronoun and phrases to other words in a sentence. A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence.

Preposition of time	Usage	Example
On	days of the week, dates Occasions of festivals	On Monday, on fourth of Baisakh, on 17 February, 2013. On Christmas day/on new year's eve/ on independent day
In	months / seasons time (part) of day year in + time period decade centuries and long period	in August / in Winter in the morning / afternoon/ evening in 2000 in five minutes/ hours/ year etc in the 1900s in the next century / in the medieval age/ in the past.
at	time (part) of day for weekend a certain point of time before an age time of the clock	at night/ midnight/ noon/ sunrise sunset/ dusk/ dawn/ dinnertime/ bedtime/ daybreak at the weekend at half past nine at the age of 20 at 8 o'clock/ at 5:00pm
since	from a certain point of time	since 1980, since I was born, since 2 o'clock
For	over a certain period of time	for 2 years, for 2 hour
ago	a certain time in the past	2 years ago
before	earlier than a certain point of time	before 2004
to	telling the time	ten to six (5:50)
past	telling the time	ten past six (6:10)
to/till/until	in the sense of how long something is going to last	From Monday to/till Friday
till/until	in the sense of how long something is going to last	he is on holiday until Friday.
by	in the sense of at the latest up to certain time/not later than	I will be back by 6 o'clock by 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

Preposition of place	Usage	Example
IN	Enclosed space additional- dress, colour	in the kitchen, in London in the book, in the garden in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world in sari/ suit, in black/ red
at	For a point for events	at the door/ station/ table/ top of the page/ entrance/ crossroad/ corner at the cinema, at school, at work, at bus park at a concert, at the party
On	attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house. broadcasting inventions	the picture on the wall, ring on her finger. London lies on the Thames. on the table/ bed on the left on the first floor. on TV, on the radio, on the FM.
by, next to, beside	left or right of somebody or something.	Jane is standing by/ next to/ beside the car.
under	lower than ( or covered by ) something else.	the bag in under the table
below	lower than something else but above ground	the fish are below the surface of water
over	covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side directly over than something else.	put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge/ climb over the wall a plane flew over our house.
above	higher than something else but not directly over it	the board is above the students. a path above the lake.
across	getting to the other side	walk across the bridge swim across the lake
through	one end to another	driven through the tunnel
to	movement towards certain direction, place etc.	go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed
into	enter a room/ a building	go into the kitchen/ the house
towards	movement in the direction of something ( but not directly to it)	go 5 steps towards the house.
onto	movement to the top of something	jump onto the table
from	in the sense of where from or something starts from.	a flower from the garden He read English language from June.
between	between two objects	He is between George and Jim.
Among	between more than two objects.	He is among his friends.
by	near/ beside	The matches are over there by the cigarettes.
opposite	facing opposite to each other	The temple is opposite the Palace.
against	taking support to	put the ladder against the wall.
Along	Moving forward in a line	I went along the street.