CV - ( Curriculum Vitae, Resume, Bio- Data), Its Good qualities and Its Components- B.ed Second Year (424)- ACADEMIC WRITING.

Curriculum Vitae

Name                                : Peter James Green

Address                             : 26 Windmill Road, Bristole Bs  26 PP

Telephone                          : 01179456449
Date Of Birth                    : 11 March 1997

Nationality                        :  British
Qualification                     : 

1996 -99                              Anglia Polytechnic University: BA in Literature

1988- 95                               Clifton School, 3A Level

                                             Art (A) : Technology

                                            Art (A) : Mathematics (C) 10 GCSES

Employment of Date         : 

1999 - Present                    EMS corporation Imaging, Design Department

                                            Riverside Houses, 22 Charles St. Bristol
Skill                                    : Computer Literature
Interest                               : Tennis, Swimming
Reference                           : Dr. M., Chair, Department of Mod 

                                              ern Language Grammar School, CA 94305

Curriculum with its various components

CV stand for ' curriculum vitae' which is also called ' bio- data' or resume. It is a short account  of somebody. It provides overall knowledge about a person or we can say it is a brief written description of one's educational qualification, previous employment, and sometimes also personal interest, which one send to a possible employer.

Whereas, resume is used in American English. It is shorter than resume including the summary of one's skills, experience, and education. Both of them are used for same purpose.

Basically, Resume contain some components like one's identification, career, objectives, educational, professional skills, professional affiliation, personal data and references. These aspects are discussed below as:

1. Identification ;

This part of resume includes full name in block letter, full address ( permanent/ temporary), date of birth, telephone number, e- mail Id, nationality, marital status, sex religion.

2. Career objectives:

This part is optional but the applicant, who decides whether she has to remark career objective or not.

3. Employment/ Experience:

This section includes the information related to the job or work which has been objective or not.

4. Education/ Qualification:

This part includes educational information. The qualification should be referred in chronological order such as SLC, Intermediate, Bachelor and so on. It also includes training. But now days people prefer to write qualification from higher level to lower level consisting their division and collage location.

5. Professional skills:

This part consists what types of skill one has for what sorts of profession.

6. Professional affiliations:

It consist one' s involved in national or international club, organization, social work. This part is very necessary because it shows one's capacity of controlling power over job.

7. Personal data:

Here we can one's hobbies, know languages driving license ; etc.

8. Reference:

We can give detail for a person who have good status and already established or relatives but if one does not want to give reference she can write " Available on request."

Good qualities Of Curriculum.

There is no argument in the point that a resume includes research and working experience, publication, grants, fellowship, professional association, individual, academic, etc information. However, zigzag presentation cannot yield good blue- print. Therefore a resume needs qualities of 5C. They are as follow:

1. Clear           -              well - organization
2. Concise       -               relevant and necessary

3. Complete    -               include everything necessary

4. Consistent   -              don't mix style and fonts 
5. Current        -              up to date

           In spite of the above qualities a write should consider on the information which have been presented below:

a. Don't use sentences ( use phrasal from only)

b. Itemised the achievement. 

c. Begin the list with past participle form.

d. Quantity or specify the achievements.

e. Put the subject matter in chronological order. 
f. Make it error free.  

PARAGRAPH WRITING - CHARACTERISTIC - ITS FEATURES

WHAT IS PARAGRAPH

A paragraph is a unit of information unified by a controlling idea. The paragraph is a good one only if the reader completely understands the unit of information it contains and if controlling idea is a completely develop: OALD mention that paragraph is a section of a piece of writing usually consisting of several sentences dealing with a signal subject. The first sentence of a paragraph starts is combination of many sentences with a single central idea. In the same way, CALD ( Cambridge Advance  Learner's Dictionary) says that paragraph is a short part of a text consisting of at last one sentence and beginning on a new line. It usually deals with a single event, description, idea, etc.

According to Narayanaswami ' A paragraph is a unit of composition in which one idea or thought is developed by means of examples of supporting details' . The above definitions given by scholars can be summed up as a paragraph is a unit of language having a series of sentences relating to the same idea. A paragraph usually has an idea or thought that is further strengthened by means of supporting details. This central idea of a paragraph can be expressed in a single sentences, which can be called topic sentence. As anything if the world has its own characteristics, paragraph also has the following characteristics.

1. Topic sentences:

A sentence which name the central idea or controlling is called topic sentence . It may support and strengthened by other sentences. It may be as first sentences of  a paragraph, in middle or at the end.

2. Length:

A paragraph can be whole text, that is , an independent and complete composition. A short, a story essay, a short description can be written with in a paragraph. And, on the other hand, a paragraph  part of a large text. There is no hard and fast rule about the length of a paragraph. It can be very short just a single sentences and it may be very long the whole text. The varied  length of paragraph is one of the important characteristics of a good writing.

3. Variety:

A paragraph should avoid monotony, this is, it should contain sentences of different types. There should  be simple complex and compound sentences, and there should be long sentences. The sentences should represented and complex ideas should be expressed by complex sentences.

4. Unit of thought:

Unity of thought means selection and gradation of ideas, and all the ideas should be hooked by meaningful sentences. For example; if the central idea is introduced in first paragraph, the same idea can be developed by supporting details. Language should flow just like water of river.

6. Coherence:

A good paragraph must have coherence, that is the ideas should be ordered in natural order and the sentences should be well connected together. One sentences should lead the next, and there should be a continuous, logical progression in thought. Certain words and expressions for example, hence, to begin with but and then therefore, on the other hand, still, nevertheless etc can used.

7. Order:

The idea of the paragraph should be arranged in a proper order. If an event is dealt with, it should be arranged in order to time and if something is described the most important all most distinctive features arrange your material from near to far, from outside to insight.

8. Cohesion:

The words " cohesion" is a Latin word which mean " cling together" . It means process of clinging the sentences together is cohesion. In the other words, the transitional expressions and other devices to guide readers and show how the parts of composition relates to one another called cohesion.

This big part of  story should stick together, but  small parts need some stricken as well when the big parts fit, we called that good feeling.

Refers to internal patterning, repetition of items used to create relationship of meaning within a text. In other words, cohesion in the relationship between sentences in a text there must be cohesion of intro paragraph created cohesion.

When sentences connect, we call it cohesion. Cohesion is achieved when writers connect their organization parts with sufficiently clear and two types of cohesion as discussed below:

i) Grammatical cohesion:

Grammatical cohesion concerns shatters as reference, ellipse, substitution and conjunction. Substitution normally substitutes pronoun instead of noun/ phrases/ clauses reference refers to be used of who, whose, which, where, etc conjunctions contains because although in order to of etc.

ii) Lexical cohesion:

The semantic  conceitedness of the lexical items or unit in a paragraph is simply known as lexical cohesion. It can be said semantically of a text. Lexical cohesion concern such features as aynonymy, antonymy, antonym, collocation, repetition etc.

Therefore, writing must have not only coherence and effective design but also cohesion and explicit set of " hooks" and " ties" that ensure a reader's interest and comprehension. Cohesion is a result of giving readers to a right kind of explicit help in figuring out the design. Cohesion gives reader the clues of discovering coherence.

Academic Writing its features & Characteristics.

ACADEMIC WRITING

In a Layman's word, academic writing refers to writing done for several reasons. Also, it has many different forms. A board definition of a academic writing is any writing done to fulfil a requirement of a collage or university. Academic writing is also used for publication that is read by teachers and researchers or presented at conferences. A very broad definition of academic writing may include any writing assignment given in an academic setting. For example: books, book reports translations, essays, research articles, conference paper, etc.

         Academic writing has some characteristics that are as follows:

1. Formality:

Academic writing is a formal writing which seems different from the other (Personal ) writing. It follows some procedures. There are no colloquial words or expressions.

2. Objectively:

it is not a haphazard writing. A writer has certain goal of writing because it narrowly or wildly influences to the audience. It is written to improve in academic knowledge area, or to expand the knowledge related to particular subject matter.

3. Explicitness:

Academic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text. It is explicit in its sign posting of the organization of the ideas in the text. A writer should have the responsibility to make text clear to the readers how various parts are related. It is explicit in its acknowledgement of the ideas in the text.

4. Precision:

In academic writing we need to precise when we use information, dates or figures. These should be correct and clear.

5.Accuracy:

Academic writing is rather serious writing. It faces a great deal of readers. It, therefore, should be accurate in terms of selecting vocabulary, register, information reference, authentic materials, etc.

6. Hedging:

Academic writing is formal, accurate, and scientific writing. It conveys factual information. However, a writer wants to convey and claim some particular ideas on particular subject. So, she/ he uses words like seem, believe, look like , think, suggest often, usually, certainly, possibility, as sort of, a kind of, etc. These hedges are used to make a decision about the writer's stance.

7. Complexity:

Written language is rather complex than spoken language and personal writing. Written languages should contain appropriate word selection, less repetition, complex grammatical structure and dense information in a single sentences. Therefore, a writer uses cover term, phrases, clauses, etc.

8. Consistency:

There are some styles of academic writing. MLA, APA and Chicago Manual. Among them, a writer should choose any one only.

9. Responsibility:

The writer should take responsibility of his/ her writing . There must be old and new information from different sources. He/ she must be responsible for  demonstrating and understanding of and source of the text which are used.

Academic writing structure.

Every writing has ow shapes and formats. In the same way academic writing also has it framework i.e. introduction part, body part and conclusion part.

1. Introduction:

In this part we must grab the reader's attention and identify the thesis of the paper. We can do this by starting with several questions for quotations from a  famous work or person to draw the reader's interest. We could also start with some interesting information or a definition of an important term related to the work.

2. Body:

This is the main part of the work and the paragraphs must be clearly written and be arranged in a logical order like chronologically in order of importance. Each initial sentence link the preceding paragraph and the whole section flows smoothly.

3. conclusion:

In this conclusion, a writer re- emphasize the thesis and summarise all the main points. The conclusion consisting of one paragraph shows the final conclusion to the reader.

                               The paragraph in the body of the work needs to began with a topic sentences and all the sentences after that need to be coherent. This is established by repeating importance works, using synonymy and substitution for the main subject and using words that makes a transition between sentences like: however for example or therefore etc.

                     The body of the work needs to have paragraphs that are coherent just like sentences. The topic sentences of each paragraph should link the paragraph with the preceding one or the thesis statement. You link paragraph and using transitional words and sentences.